Neoadjuvant adebrelimab combined with triplet chemotherapy for locally advanced resectable adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: a prospective, single-arm, phase II feasibility and safety study

Introduction

Gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) remain among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide (1). Over the past several decades, advances in food preservation and the declining prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection have markedly reduced the incidence and mortality of non-cardia gastric cancer (2). In contrast, the incidence of AEG has steadily increased in many regions, reflecting distinct etiologic and epidemiologic trends (3,4). AEG is frequently diagnosed at a locally advanced stage, contributing to poor prognosis (5,6).

Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of curative treatment for AEG and the most effective approach to prolong survival (7). Landmark randomized controlled trials, including FLOT4, MAGIC, FNCLCC/FFCD, PRODIGY, MATCH, and RESOLVE, have demonstrated that perioperative chemotherapy improves R0 resection rates, pathological response, and survival outcomes compared with surgery alone, establishing regimens such as FLOT as current guideline-recommended standard of care in Western and Asian populations (8-13). However, outcomes remain suboptimal in a substantial proportion of patients, and no universally optimal perioperative regimen has been established across diverse clinical settings.

The prognostic significance of molecular subtypes and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in AEG has provided a scientific framework for integrating immunotherapy. The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy in metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (14-17). Adebrelimab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity and tolerable safety in multiple solid tumors (18-21); however, evidence in resectable AEG remains limited.

Given concerns regarding the tolerability of intensive perioperative regimens such as FLOT in real-world Asian populations, SOX and DOS are more commonly adopted in clinical practice due to their favorable balance of efficacy and safety. This study was designed as a prospective, exploratory phase II trial to evaluate the feasibility and safety of neoadjuvant adebrelimab combined with a modified triplet chemotherapy backbone (nab-paclitaxel, lobaplatin, and S-1) in patients with locally advanced AEG. We present this article in accordance with the TREND reporting checklist (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2026-0236/rc).

Methods

Study design

This investigator-initiated, prospective, single-arm, phase II feasibility and safety study was conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. Patients were prospectively enrolled between November 2023 and April 2025. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (No. KY20232276-F-1), and all patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06198465).

Patients

Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years, had histologically confirmed AEG, and were clinically staged as cT3–4a, any N, M0 according to the 8th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification. Clinical staging was assessed by physical examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Patients were required to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–1, no contraindications to surgery, at least 1 measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and adequate organ function.

Exclusion criteria included prior antitumor therapy or gastric surgery, active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disorders, and known hypersensitivity to the investigational drug.

Treatment

Patients received neoadjuvant therapy consisting of adebrelimab [1,200 mg intravenously (IV) on day 1], nab-paclitaxel (180–200 mg IV on day 1), lobaplatin (50 mg IV on day 1), and oral S-1 (40 mg twice daily) every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. Dose adjustments or interruptions were allowed for management of adverse events. Surgery was scheduled 4–6 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant therapy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered at the investigators’ discretion.

Study endpoints

The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR), defined as the complete absence of viable tumor cells in the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. Secondary endpoints included major pathological response (MPR; ≤10% residual viable tumor cells in the primary tumor site and sampled lymph nodes), objective response rate [ORR; proportion of patients achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) per RECIST 1.1], event-free survival (EFS; time from initiation of neoadjuvant therapy to disease progression, recurrence, or death from any cause), overall survival (OS; time from first treatment to death from any cause), and safety. Adverse events during perioperative therapy were graded according to version 5.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).

Statistical analysis

The sample size was calculated based on a single-arm phase II design. The historical control pCR rate (P0) was assumed to be 5%, and the expected pCR rate (P1) with the addition of adebrelimab was set at 20% (22), with a 1-sided α of 0.05 and 80% power, accounting for a 10% dropout rate. Accordingly, 24 patients were planned for enrollment.

Efficacy and safety were analyzed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, which included all patients who received at least 1 dose of study treatment. Patients who did not proceed to surgery were considered non-responders for pCR and MPR analyses. Continuous variables were summarized as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs), and categorical variables as counts and percentages. pCR, MPR, and ORR rates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Blaker’s exact method. Survival follow-up was censored on 19 October 2025. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate EFS and OS, with corresponding 95% CIs. Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS 27.0 (IBM Corp.).

Results

Patient characteristics

Between November 2023 and April 2025, a total of 24 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, all patients received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy (Figure 1). Baseline patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The median age was 62 (IQR, 51–75) years, and the majority of patients were male (83.3%, 20/24). Tumor characteristics showed that 9 patients (37.5%) had Siewert type III tumors, and 16 patients (66.7%) had poorly differentiated tumors; 5 patients (20.8%) had the intestinal histologic subtype. Regarding clinical staging, 10 patients (41.7%) had cTNM stage IVa disease. PD-L1 expression, assessed by combined positive score (CPS), was ≥1 in 9 patients (37.5%), and 2 patients (8.3%) had defective mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors.

Figure 1 Patient flowchart. AEG, adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction; pCR, pathological complete response.

Surgery

Among the 24 enrolled patients, 20 (83.3%) underwent surgery following neoadjuvant therapy. The median interval from the last dose of neoadjuvant therapy to surgery was 37 (IQR, 32–65) days. Of the 20 patients who underwent surgery, 16 (80.0%) had laparoscopic resection, and 4 (20.0%) required conversion to thoracotomy. All 20 patients (100%) underwent total gastrectomy, and R0 resection was achieved in all cases. The median operative time was 215 (IQR, 170–295) minutes, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 8 (IQR, 6–64) days (Table 2).

The 4 patients who did not proceed to surgery included 1 patient who developed bilateral pleural effusion, and 3 patients declined surgery for personal reasons. Postoperatively, 15 patients (75.0%) received adjuvant therapy, whereas 5 patients (25.0%) refused it, including 3 patients who had achieved pCR.

Efficacy

In the ITT population, 4 patients (16.7%; 95% CI: 4.7–37.4%) achieved a pCR, and 7 patients (29.2%; 95% CI: 12.6–51.1%) achieved an MPR. Tumor regression grade (TRG) 0, 1, 2, and 3 were observed in 4 (16.7%), 3 (12.5%), 7 (29.2%), and 6 (25.0%) patients, respectively. Pathological downstaging was observed in most patients, with 13 (54.1%) attaining ypTNM stage 0–II following neoadjuvant therapy. In the surgery population, the pCR and MPR rates were 20.0% (95% CI: 5.7–43.7%) and 35.0% (95% CI: 15.4–59.2%), respectively. The ORR was 79.2% (95% CI: 67.6–97.3%), including 5 patients with CR and 14 with PR, whereas 5 patients had stable disease (SD). The disease control rate (DCR) was 100% (95% CI: 85.8–100%) (Table 3).

As of the data cut-off date (19 October 2025), the median follow-up was 9.1 months. Median EFS and OS were not yet reached. The estimated 1-year EFS and OS rates were 80.8% and 88.9%, respectively (Figure 2), demonstrating promising pathological responses, while survival data remain immature and require longer follow-up for confirmation.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Safety

During perioperative therapy, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in all 24 patients (100%) in the ITT population. Most TRAEs were grade 1–2 in severity, with only 1 patient (4.2%) experiencing grade 3 TRAEs. No grade 4–5 TRAEs or treatment interruptions due to adverse events were reported. The most frequently observed TRAEs were decreased white blood cell count (11 patients, 45.8%), fatigue (11 patients, 45.8%), alopecia (8 patients, 33.3%), nausea (6 patients, 25.0%), anemia (5 patients, 20.8%), vomiting (5 patients, 20.8%), and decreased neutrophil count (5 patients, 20.8%). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in 4 patients (16.7%), all grade 1–2, and included hypothyroidism (2 patients, 8.3%), diarrhea (1 patient, 4.2%), and headache (1 patient, 4.2%).

Among the 20 patients who underwent surgery, 14 (70%) experienced surgical complications. Grade 3 surgical complications were observed in only 1 patient (5%). The most common complications were pleural effusion (9 patients, 45.0%), pneumonia (8 patients, 40.0%), and fever (6 patients, 30.0%). Grade 3 complications included ascites (1 patient, 5.0%) and anastomotic leakage (1 patient, 5.0%) (Table 4). No postoperative mortality or reoperation was reported.

Discussion

In this prospective phase II study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant adebrelimab combined with a triplet chemotherapy regimen consisting of nab-paclitaxel, lobaplatin, and S-1 in patients with resectable, locally advanced AEG. Previous evidence has demonstrated that triplet regimens such as FLOT (docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and 5-FU) and DOS (docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1) improve R0 resection and pathological response rates compared with traditional doublet chemotherapy in locally advanced AEG, supporting the rationale for adopting a taxane-, platinum-, and fluoropyrimidine-based triplet backbone in this setting (7,11). The incorporation of adebrelimab, a high-affinity humanized anti-PD-L1 antibody, was intended to further enhance antitumor efficacy through synergistic immune activation in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Among the 24 enrolled patients, 83.3% successfully underwent radical surgery, and the pCR rate reached 16.7% in the ITT population and 20.0% in the surgery population. Most TRAEs were manageable and consistent with prior reports, with no treatment-related deaths or major delays to surgery. Notably, postoperative complications were observed in 70% of surgical patients, predominantly grade 1–2 pleuropulmonary events that resolved with standard perioperative management. Taken together, these findings suggest that integrating adebrelimab into a DOS-like neoadjuvant regimen is procedurally feasible and demonstrates preliminary antitumor activity in resectable AEG, although the postoperative safety profile warrants cautious interpretation.

The role of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in gastric and AEG cancer has been increasingly supported by emerging international and Chinese studies. In the randomized phase II DANTE trial, perioperative atezolizumab combined with FLOT chemotherapy demonstrated a higher pCR rate compared with chemotherapy alone (24% vs. 15%) (23). Similarly, the NEOSUMMIT-01 study reported substantial improvements in MPR (44.4% vs. 20.4%) and pCR (22.2% vs. 7.4%) with neoadjuvant toripalimab plus chemotherapy relative to historical chemotherapy controls (24). In the NEOSUMMIT-03 trial, which exclusively focused on AEG, tislelizumab combined with SOX chemotherapy showed feasibility and safety in patients with locally advanced, resectable tumors, yielding a pCR rate of 28.1%, MPR rate of 50%, and an R0 resection rate of 96.9%, alongside manageable grade 3–4 adverse events (25).

Large-scale phase III trials have further validated the integration of immunotherapy into perioperative treatment strategies. In the KEYNOTE-585 study, pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy significantly increased the pCR rate (12.9% vs. 2.0%) and prolonged median EFS (44.4 vs. 25.3 months), although OS benefits had not yet reached statistical significance (26). Likewise, the phase III MATTERHORN trial demonstrated that durvalumab plus FLOT achieved higher pCR rates (19.2% vs. 7.2%) and superior 2-year EFS (67.4% vs. 58.5%) compared with FLOT alone, reinforcing the survival potential of perioperative immunochemotherapy in gastric and AEG (27). Collectively, these findings highlight a growing consensus that the incorporation of ICIs into neoadjuvant triplet chemotherapy regimens may enhance tumor eradication and improve long-term outcomes in resectable AEG.

The safety profile of neoadjuvant adebrelimab combined with chemotherapy was generally consistent with previous reports of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in advanced and resectable gastrointestinal tumors (23-27). Most TRAEs were grade 1–2 and manageable, with no grade 4–5 events leading to treatment discontinuation.

However, postoperative complications were observed in 70% of patients undergoing surgery, which appears numerically higher than rates reported in several landmark neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy studies. The most frequent events were pleural effusion (45.0%) and pneumonia (40.0%). This relatively high incidence may be explained primarily by surgical and anatomical factors rather than treatment-related toxicity. Notably, 62.5% of patients had Siewert type I–II AEG, requiring surgical manipulation at or above the diaphragmatic level. In addition, 20% of patients underwent intraoperative conversion to thoracotomy. Such procedures may predispose to pleural effusion and pulmonary complications due to pleural irritation, postoperative inflammatory exudation, and transient impairment of pulmonary mechanics. Importantly, all events were grade 1–2, manageable with standard care, and did not prolong hospitalization or delay recovery.

Furthermore, no clear evidence of immune-related pneumonitis or treatment-limiting pulmonary toxicity was observed, suggesting that adebrelimab was unlikely the primary driver of these events. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the small sample size and single-center design.

Limitations of our study include its single-arm design, small sample size, lack of a control group, all of which limit the generalizability of the findings. In particular, the relatively high postoperative complication rate and immature survival follow-up require cautious interpretation. In addition, biomarker analyses for response prediction were limited. Future larger multicenter randomized studies with longer follow-up are needed to validate both efficacy and perioperative safety signals.

Conclusions

In conclusion, neoadjuvant adebrelimab combined with triplet chemotherapy demonstrated feasibility and preliminary antitumor activity in patients with locally advanced resectable AEG. Given the exploratory single-center design, limited sample size, and relatively high postoperative complication rate, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and require validation in larger prospective randomized studies.

Acknowledgments

We thank all the patients who participated in this trial and their families, as well as the investigators and staff. We also thank Qisheng Yang and Yi Chang (employees of Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) for data collection.

Footnote

Reporting Checklist: The authors have completed the TREND reporting checklist. Available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2026-0236/rc

Data Sharing Statement: Available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2026-0236/dss

Peer Review File: Available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2026-0236/prf

Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82372693) and the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82103524).

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2026-0236/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The experimental protocol was established and approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (No. KY20232276-F-1). Written informed consent was provided by all patients before study enrollment.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

References

1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2024;74:229-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
2. Howson CP, Hiyama T, Wynder EL. The decline in gastric cancer: epidemiology of an unplanned triumph. Epidemiol Rev 1986;8:1-27. [Crossref] [PubMed]
3. Liu K, Yang K, Zhang W, et al. Changes of Esophagogastric Junctional Adenocarcinoma and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Among Surgical Patients During 1988-2012: A Single-institution, High-volume Experience in China. Ann Surg 2016;263:88-95. [Crossref] [PubMed]
4. Arnold M, Ferlay J, van Berge Henegouwen MI, et al. Global burden of oesophageal and gastric cancer by histology and subsite in 2018. Gut 2020;69:1564-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
5. Nie RC, Luo TQ, Li GD, et al. Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2023;30:4014-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
6. Deans C, Yeo MS, Soe MY, et al. Cancer of the gastric cardia is rising in incidence in an Asian population and is associated with adverse outcome. World J Surg 2011;35:617-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
7. Smyth EC, Verheij M, Allum W, et al. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2016;27:v38-49. [Crossref] [PubMed]
8. Al-Batran SE, Homann N, Pauligk C, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel versus fluorouracil or capecitabine plus cisplatin and epirubicin for locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 2019;393:1948-57. [Crossref] [PubMed]
9. Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:11-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
10. Ychou M, Boige V, Pignon JP, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicenter phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1715-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
11. Kang YK, Yook JH, Park YK, et al. PRODIGY: A Phase III Study of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, and S-1 Plus Surgery and Adjuvant S-1 Versus Surgery and Adjuvant S-1 for Resectable Advanced Gastric Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:2903-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]
12. Jiang Z, Xie Y, Zhang W, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with docetaxel plus oxaliplatin and S-1 (DOS) versus oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) for the treatment of locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (MATCH): an open-label, randomized, phase 2 clinical trial. Gastric Cancer 2024;27:571-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
13. Zhang X, Liang H, Li Z, et al. Perioperative or postoperative adjuvant oxaliplatin with S-1 versus adjuvant oxaliplatin with capecitabine in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma undergoing D2 gastrectomy (RESOLVE): an open-label, superiority and non-inferiority, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2021;22:1081-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
14. Rha SY, Wyrwicz LS, Weber PE, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 3 KEYNOTE-859 study. Ann Oncol 2023;34:319-20.
15. Janjigian YY, Shitara K, Moehler M, et al. First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021;398:27-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
16. Moehler MH, Kato K, Arkenau HT, et al. Rationale 305: Phase 3 study of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment (1L) of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC). J Clin Oncol 2023;41:286.
17. Xu J, Jiang H, Pan Y, et al. Sintilimab Plus Chemotherapy for Unresectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The ORIENT-16 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023;330:2064-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
18. Mu L, Song Y, Zhao K, et al. SHR-1316, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A multicentre, phase 2 study. Thorac Cancer 2021;12:1373-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
19. Wang J, Zhou C, Yao W, et al. Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022;23:739-47. [Crossref] [PubMed]
20. Yan W, Zhong WZ, Liu YH, et al. Adebrelimab (SHR-1316) in Combination With Chemotherapy as Perioperative Treatment in Patients With Resectable Stage II to III NSCLCs: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 1b Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2023;18:194-203. [Crossref] [PubMed]
21. Yin J, Yuan J, Li Y, et al. Neoadjuvant adebrelimab in locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 1b trial. Nat Med 2023;29:2068-78. [Crossref] [PubMed]
22. Li C, Tian Y, Zheng Y, et al. Pathologic Response of Phase III Study: Perioperative Camrelizumab Plus Rivoceranib and Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer (DRAGON IV/CAP 05). J Clin Oncol 2025;43:464-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
23. Lorenzen S, Götze TO, Thuss-Patience P, et al. Perioperative Atezolizumab Plus Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Docetaxel for Resectable Esophagogastric Cancer: Interim Results From the Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II/III DANTE/IKF-s633 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024;42:410-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
24. Yuan SQ, Nie RC, Jin Y, et al. Perioperative toripalimab and chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2024;30:552-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
25. Nie RC, Yuan SQ, Ding Y, et al. Perioperative tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for locally advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (NEOSUMMIT-03): a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025;10:60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
26. Shitara K, Rha SY, Wyrwicz LS, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-585): an interim analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2024;25:212-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
27. Janjigian YY, Al-Batran SE, Wainberg ZA, et al. Perioperative Durvalumab in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. N Engl J Med 2025;393:217-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]

(English Language Editor: J. Jones)